pm2.5毒理研究：PM2.5重大污染源-机动车
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- 发布日期：2017-05-12 11:12:32
机动车，特别是柴油驱动重型车，是PM2.5的主要排放源之一。就质量而言，车用柴油机排放颗粒物（DEP）主要有些是细颗粒物（PM2.5），质量百分比为80%~90%，占比相当大。
Motor vehicles, especially diesel driven heavy vehicles, are one of the major emissions sources of PM2.5. In terms of quality, the emission particulates of diesel engine (DEP) are mainly fine particles (PM2.5), and the mass percentage is 80%~90%, accounting for a considerable proportion.
而近20多年来中国机动车保有量持续快速增加，特别是进入新世纪后中国机动车保有量均匀增加率高达15.3%。巨大基数下机动车所排放的细颗粒物（PM2.5）正在改变大气环境的物理化学特征，从而带来新的环境污染疑问（如城市大气灰霾景象）和健康危险。
In recent 20 years, China's motor vehicle ownership has continued to increase rapidly, especially in the new century, China's motor vehicle ownership increased by 15.3%. Fine particulate matter emissions under the huge base vehicle (PM2.5) is changing the physical and chemical characteristics of the atmospheric environment, so as to bring new environmental problems (such as city atmospheric haze scene) and health risk.
柴油机排放颗粒物的物理化学成分
Physical and chemical composition of particulate matter emitted by diesel engine
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柴油机排放通常包含气相和颗粒相几百种组分的杂乱混合物。其间气态污染物包含NOx、CO、低分子量HC及其衍生物（如乙醛、苯类、多环芳香烃、含氮多环芳香烃）、硫化物以及温室气体CO2等；颗粒物主要成分是元素碳（EC）、吸附性有机化合物（OC）以及少数的硫酸盐、硝酸盐、灰分(金属和痕量元素)等。
Diesel emissions usually consist of a mixture of gas and particulate phases of hundreds of components. It contains NOx, CO, gaseous pollutants of low molecular weight HC and its derivatives (such as acetaldehyde, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), sulfide and greenhouse gas CO2; is the main component of particulate carbon (EC) adsorption of organic compounds (OC) and a handful of sulfate and nitrate ash (metals and trace elements etc.).
还有很小有些的燃油以及雾化或蒸腾的润滑油通过逃逸氧化作用变成蒸发或可溶性有机物（SOF），包含含氧、氮、硫的多环芳香族混合物。燃猜中的硫氧化为SO2气体，而小有些氧化为SO3并构成硫酸盐粒子。燃料和润滑油中的金属燃烧氧化后发生少数无机灰分。
There is also a small amount of fuel, and atomized or transpiration of lubricating oil, through escape oxidation into evaporated or soluble organic matter (SOF), containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur polycyclic aromatic mixtures. Burning sulfur oxidation guessed SO2 gas, and some small oxidation to SO3 and sulfate particles. Combustion of metals in fuels and lubricants produces a small amount of inorganic ash after oxidation.
柴油机排放颗粒物的健康影响
Health effects of particulate matter emitted by diesel engine
柴油车排放颗粒物通常老是随同尾气管的气态污染物，因为它们均匀混合在空气中难以区分，所以其对人体的影响包含气体等归纳影响。其对人体健康效应可分为急性和缓慢露出。急性露出可发生时间短的不一样程度的生理性表现，严重时也许致使过敏。实验和患者查询联系研讨标明，缓慢露出可致使非致癌的呼吸系统效应以及增加肺癌危险。短期露出于高浓度柴油车污染物时，可致使呼吸道炎症，眼、鼻、喉影响，呼吸系统表现（咳嗽，咳痰）以及神经生理学表现，如头疼、晕厥、恶心、呕吐、麻痹等。
Emissions from diesel vehicles are usually gaseous pollutants along the exhaust pipe, because they are uniformly mixed and indistinguishable in air, so their effects on the human body include inductive effects such as gas. Its effects on human health can be divided into acute and slow exposure. Acute exposure to a different degree of physiological performance may occur at short intervals, which may cause allergies in severe cases. Experiments with patient inquiries indicate that slow exposure can lead to non carcinogenic respiratory effects and increase lung cancer risk. Short term exposed to high concentration of diesel pollutants, can cause inflammation of respiratory tract, eyes, nose, throat, respiratory symptoms (cough, expectoration) and neurophysiological manifestations, such as headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, paralysis, etc..
中国近十几年来机动车增加迅速，机动车排放对大气贡献率逐渐进步，人体对尾气的反响越来越显着，对机动车排放疑问的重视不行放轻。
In the past ten years, motor vehicles have increased rapidly in China, and the contribution rate of motor vehicle emissions to the atmosphere has gradually improved. The response of the human body to the exhaust gas has become more and more obvious.
