适用于恒温恒湿洁净称量室的过滤器结构特点与适用范围
- 发布人：
- 发布日期：2017-06-08 11:22:30
1.石英砂过滤器’
1. quartz sand filter
石英砂过滤器是一种典型的深床过滤器，其构造特点是滤层较厚，过滤介质石英砂的密度较大，滤床对比安稳。石英砂过滤器作业的机理主要是吸附效果，而筛除效果是非必须的。由于滤床在反冲刷时是固定的，归于固定孔隙过滤器，被吸附在滤层中的细小颗粒脱附对比艰难，因而用反洗来康复过滤功能的效果有限，运用一段时间后过滤功能会严峻下降，通常需求替换滤料。这种过滤器通常运用在对水质请求相对不高的清水过滤。
Quartz sand filter is a typical deep bed filter. Its structure is characterized by the thicker filter layer, larger density of filter media and quartz sand, and stable contrast of filter bed. The mechanism of quartz sand filter operation is mainly the adsorption effect, and the sieve removal effect is not necessary. The filter bed is fixed in the recoil brush, belong to the fixed pore filter, adsorption of fine particles in the filter layer in the desorption contrast difficult, so to recover backwash filtration effect is limited, use after a period of time will decline the filtering function, usually need to replace the filter material. The filter is usually used for filtration of water with relatively low water requirements.
2.轻质滤料过滤器
2. light filter material filter
油田运用的轻质滤料过滤器主要是核桃壳过滤器，这种过滤器的根本构造和过滤原理与石英砂过滤器一样，区别是作为滤料的核桃壳的密度较小，通常在1.2 g／cm左右。由于滤料较轻，反冲刷时在水流效果下滤层变成沸腾床，由滤料空隙构成的微孔被免除，吸附的悬浮物得以脱附。因而，这种过滤器归于非固定孔隙过滤器，反洗再生才能较强，过滤功能安稳，适合于中高浸透率地层水质请求的采出水过滤。
Light oil filter use mainly the walnut shell filter, the basic structure and principle of filter and quartz sand filter the filter, as the density difference is smaller the walnut shell material, usually in the 1.2 g / cm. Because the filter material is light, the filter layer becomes a boiling bed when the backwash brush is under the effect of water flow, and the micropore formed by the gap of the filter material is eliminated, and the suspended substance is desorbed. Therefore, the filter belongs to the non fixed pore filter, and the backwashing and regeneration can be strong, and the filtering function is stable, and is suitable for the filtration of the produced water with the request of medium and high permeability formation water quality.
3.微孔陶瓷过滤器
3. microporous ceramic filter
这种过滤器的过滤原件是烧结而成的多孔陶瓷管，它的本体既作为滤层也作为承托层。这种过滤介质的特点是孔隙均匀且安稳，对较大的悬浮物有筛除效果，而对较小的悬浮物有吸附效果。反冲刷是经过逆向流和横向流对过滤介质进行冲刷，对筛除物的铲除效果较好，而对吸附物的铲除效果则不显着，因而简单构成阻塞。这种过滤器适合中等浸透率地层水质的清水过滤。用于含油的采出水过滤时，过滤原件的反洗再生对比艰难，需求加人清洗剂并选用气吹等办法，反洗工艺十分复杂。
The original filter of the filter is a porous ceramic tube made by sintering, and the body is used as a filter and a supporting layer as well. The filter medium is characterized by a uniform pore and a stable, sieve removal effect on larger suspended matter, and has better adsorption effect on smaller suspended solids. The recoil brush is used to scour the filter medium through the reverse flow and the transverse flow, and the removal effect of the sieve removal material is better, while the removal effect of the adsorbent is not obvious, thus simply forming obstruction. This filter is suitable for filtration of medium permeability water. When the oil producing water is filtered, the backwashing and regeneration of the original filter are difficult, and the cleaning agent and gas blowing method are needed, and the backwashing process is very complicated.
4.膜过滤器
4. membrane filter
这种过滤器的中心原件是滤膜，这是一种制备在微孔承托层(支持体)上的布满更细小孔隙的薄膜。制造滤膜的资料有很多，分为有机膜(如聚砜中空纤维膜)和无机膜(如陶瓷膜)。滤膜作为过滤原件其构造特点是滤层十分薄，因而它的过滤机理主要是筛除效果，吸附效应很小。因而，膜过滤器的过滤精度较高，粒径操控对比安稳，而且反冲刷简单康复性能。不过假如水中富含油的话，则很简单阻塞而且不易反洗。国内外很多研讨者曾根据陶瓷资料的亲水性质而寄希望于用陶瓷膜处理采出水，但经过研讨后，普遍认为膜污染疑问依然很难解决。膜污染是十分复杂的疑问，但有一点是能够必定的，即污染物中有机物的很多存在是断定无疑的，不过通常通常重视膜自身而较少思考承托层。。。依照吸附机理并结合膜层和承托层的孔隙特征来剖析，能够解说为何膜过滤关于清水不易阻塞而关于含油污水很简单阻塞。关于通常固体悬浮物来说，大于膜孔的颗粒被截留(筛除)在膜的表面，小于膜孔的颗粒经过膜孔，由于作为滤层的膜很薄，而不能对这些颗粒发生吸附，虽然承托层相对较厚，但其孔隙相关于膜孔较大，不足以发生吸附。这么只要筛除效果，所以很简单反洗铲除。而关于水中的油来说，由于油滴的不安稳性，大于膜孔的油滴不一定被筛除，由于也许分裂成小于膜孔的油滴而经过膜孔，尽管它们能穿过膜自身，但在承托层中能够聚结成大的油滴而被承托层的微孔吸附，而且无法脱附。因而，含油污水会对膜过滤器构成阻塞，而且反洗艰难。因而这种过滤器适合于低浸透率地层水质请求的清水过滤，而不适用于含油采出水的过滤。
The central component of the filter is the filter membrane, a thin film filled with finer pores on a microporous support layer (support). There are many materials for making filter membranes, which are divided into organic membranes (such as polysulfone, hollow fiber membranes) and inorganic membranes (such as ceramic membranes). As the original filter, the structure of filter membrane is very thin, so its filtration mechanism is mainly screening effect, and the adsorption effect is very small. Therefore, the membrane filter has higher filtration precision, stable particle size control, and simple rehabilitation performance of the recoiling brush. However, if the water is rich in oil, it is easy to block and difficult to backwash. Many researchers at home and abroad have been hoping to treat the produced water with ceramic membrane according to the hydrophilic properties of ceramic materials. However, it is widely accepted that membrane fouling is still difficult to solve. Membrane fouling is a very complicated question, but one thing can be certain, that is, the existence of many organic compounds in pollutants is certain, but usually the membrane itself is often neglected and the bearing layer is less considered... According to the adsorption mechanism and the pore characteristics of the film and the supporting layer, it can explain why the membrane filtration is not easy to block the water, but it is easy to block the oily wastewater. A usually suspended solids, larger than the membrane pore particles are trapped (excluding) the surface of the membrane, is smaller than the membrane pore particle passes through the membrane pores, as the membrane filter layer is very thin, but not adsorbed on these particles, although the supporting layer is relatively thick, but the pore on the larger membrane pore not enough, adsorption. So as long as the screening effect, so it is simple, backwashing, eradicate. About the oil in the water, due to instability of oil droplets, larger than the membrane pore oil droplets will not necessarily be screening, because may split into less than the membrane pore oil droplets through membrane pores, although they can pass through the membrane itself, but in the supporting layer can coalesce into large drops of oil and micropore the supporting layer adsorption, desorption and not. As a result, oily sewage will block the membrane filter, and backwash difficult. Therefore, the filter is suitable for the filtration of water with low permeability formation water quality request, and is not applicable to the filtration of the oily produced water.
5.纤维介质过滤器
5. fiber medium filter
这也是一种深床过滤器，滤层介质选用纤维资料，通常为合成纤维，常用的有纤维球和纤维束。这种过滤器的过滤机理是纤维介质在外力(水力或机械力)效果下被压紧后构成细小的孔隙，主要发生吸附效果，将水中的悬浮物滤除。反洗时，免除压紧力使纤维滤材疏松，被吸附的悬浮物脱附并在反洗水流的冲刷下被铲除。由于纤维资料十分细，压紧后构成的孔隙也就十分小，因而过滤精度十分高，是对比抱负的精密过滤器。不过，假如水中含油，则会十分费事。由于通常合成纤维都是亲油的，对油会有很强的吸附力，而油被吸附到纤维滤材上以后作为粘结剂将纤维滤材粘在一同，很难松开，反洗十分艰难。这种过滤器适用于以清水作为水源的低浸透地层灌水水质过滤。现在已得到对比成功的运用。此外，国内一些研讨单位(如江汉机械研讨所)正在研讨不亲油纤维以及纤维改性技能，意图是将这种过滤器用于含油的采出水过滤，现在已取得了很大的发展。假如能将纤维资料自身对油的吸附力减小到满足的程度，纤维介质过滤器，尤其是纤维束过滤器将会变成低浸透油田采出水回灌水质过滤的抱负设备。
It is also a deep bed filter. The filter medium is made of fibrous material, usually synthetic fibers, usually with fiber balls and fiber bundles. The filtration mechanism of the filter is that the fibrous medium is compressed under the influence of external force (hydraulic or mechanical force) to form a small pore, and the adsorption effect is mainly produced, and the suspended substance in the water is filtered out. When backwashing, the utility model is free from pressing force, so that the fiber filter material is loose, and the suspended suspended substance is desorbed and is washed out under the scouring of backwashing flow. Because the fiber data is very thin, the pore is very small and the filtration precision is very high. It is a precise filter comparing with aspiration. However, if the water contains oil, it will be very troublesome. As usually synthetic fibers are lipophilic, oil will have a strong adsorption capacity, and oil is absorbed on the fiber filter, as a binder after the fiber filter stick together, it is difficult to loose, backwash very difficult. The filter is suitable for filtration of water in a low permeable formation with clear water as a source of water. It has now been compared to the successful use. In addition, some domestic research institutions (such as the Institute of Jianghan Machinery Research) are lipophilic fiber and fiber modification skills, the intention is to filter for oil produced water filtration, now has made great progress. If the adsorption capacity of fiber material to the oil can be reduced to a satisfactory level, the fiber dielectric filter, especially the fiber bundle filter, will become ideal equipment for filtration of water quality in low permeability oil field produced water.
暴露仓,动物气体染毒,pm2.5毒理研究,恒温恒湿洁净称量室 http://www.jukangkj.com/ 等全球先进应用设备请选择巨康科技！
- 上一篇：过滤设备使用中应注意哪些事项
- 下一篇：恒温恒湿洁净称量室：风速对过滤器的影响
